Nobel Prize for Chemistry to be Awarded on October 5

Science Jeanette Walsh
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Wednesday the 5 October will be announced the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences jury.

In 2015, Swedish researchers Tomas Lindahl, American Paul Modrich and Turkish-American Aziz Sancar were rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their studies of the cellular mechanisms of DNA repair, according to the Nobel Committee motivation.

Chemistry was the most importance science in the work of Alfred Nobel, chemist, inventor and industrialist with businesses in the production of weapons. Putting his inventions and the whole industrial process from its factories was based on knowledge of chemistry and, therefore, the chemistry was the second field of the awards after physics, said Nobel in his will.

From 1901 to 2014, there were 172 winners of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 106 rewards being awarded in the years 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, and 1942.

Only four women have received this award: 1911 – Marie Curie (who also got the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903), 1935 – Irène Joliot-Curie (daughter of Marie Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot), 1964 – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin and in 2009 – Ada Yonath.

Frederick Sanger received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice (1958 and 1980).

The youngest winner was Frédéric Joliot, who was 35 when he received the prize in 1935 with his wife Irène Joliot-Curie and oldest chemistry laureate John B. Fenn was who was 85 years in 2002 when he received the award.

Two laureates in chemistry were forced by the authorities to decline the award. Adolf Hitler banned Germans laureates Richard Kuhn in 1938 and Adolf Butenandt in 1939 to receive the Nobel prizes. Also, Gerhard Domagk laureate in Physiology and Medicine in 1939 was forbidden to accept the award. All they could later receive was the Nobel diploma and medals, but no prize in money.